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PT Health Watch: Why women face higher risk of thyroid disorders — Expert

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The thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped organ located at the front of the neck, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, heart rate and body temperature.

Yet thyroid disorders often go undetected, especially among women, whose symptoms are frequently mistaken for stress, ageing or normal hormonal changes.

Speaking with PT Health Watch, reproductive endocrinologist Oladapo Ashiru said women are far more likely than men to develop thyroid disorders, citing Nigerian studies that reported female-to-male ratios ranging from 6.3:1 to as high as 98:1.

According to Mr Ashiru, recognising the warning signs early is important because untreated thyroid disorders can affect fertility, pregnancy and overall quality of life.

Symptoms often overlooked

Mr Ashiru explained that thyroid disorders generally occur in two forms: hypothyroidism, where the gland is underactive, and hyperthyroidism, where it is overactive.

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An underactive thyroid commonly causes unexplained weight gain, sensitivity to cold and hair thinning, while an overactive thyroid may lead to unexplained weight loss, heat intolerance and a faster metabolism.

“If the thyroid is underactive, there will be increased weight or unexplained weight gain. If it is overactive, there will be unexplained weight loss. The person may feel too cold in a normal environment if it is underactive, or too hot in a cool environment if it is overactive,” he said.

Beyond these symptoms, women may experience irregular menstrual cycles, mood changes, anxiety, depression, constipation or frequent bowel movements.

Mr Ashiru, who is the Chairman and Chief Medical Director of Medical Art Centre, said women are also more likely to experience neck tightness caused by an enlarged thyroid gland, excessive tearing and persistent symptoms even after treatment.

By contrast, men more commonly present with heart palpitations.

He explained that because many thyroid symptoms resemble those associated with stress, menopause and other everyday conditions, thyroid disorders in women are often overlooked or diagnosed late.

Effects on fertility and pregnancy

Mr Ashiru said women between the ages of 30 and 49 face the highest risk of thyroid disorders, although younger women can also be affected.

He warned that untreated thyroid disease can interfere with ovulation, increase menstrual bleeding, raise the risk of miscarriage and contribute to complications after childbirth.

Women planning pregnancy, he advised, should consider thyroid screening to detect and treat any underlying condition before conception.

The endocrinologist also highlighted postpartum thyroiditis, an inflammation of the thyroid gland that can occur after childbirth.

According to him, new mothers should not dismiss persistent exhaustion as simply part of caring for a newborn, as it may signal an underlying thyroid disorder.

Screening and healthy habits

Mr Ashiru said thyroid disorders can be diagnosed through simple hormone tests available in many Nigerian hospitals and laboratories.

He recommended routine screening, particularly for women aged 35 years and above, pregnant women and people with a family history of thyroid disease.

Although some thyroid conditions are hereditary, he said healthy lifestyle habits may help support thyroid function.

These include getting adequate sleep, managing stress, eating a balanced diet with appropriate amounts of iodine and selenium-rich foods such as eggs, fish and beans, and engaging in regular physical activity.

He also encouraged stress management through family support, prayer and relaxation techniques, including deep-breathing exercises.

Some of his recommendations, including limiting processed foods, genetically modified foods and environmental toxins, reflect his clinical opinion on factors that may influence thyroid health.

READ ALSO: PT Health Watch: Persistent fatigue, weight changes may signal thyroid disorder Expert

Early diagnosis improves outcomes

Mr Ashiru said treatment depends on the type of thyroid disorder, with many patients responding well to thyroid hormone replacement therapy or other appropriate medications.

He stressed that early diagnosis remains the most effective way to prevent complications and improve quality of life.

Describing the thyroid as a vital organ, he said it regulates reproductive hormones and supports the proper functioning of the heart, skin and other body systems.

He also warned that exposure to environmental toxins may affect thyroid function and urged people to minimise avoidable environmental risks.


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Health

Niger investigates suspected infectious disease after child’s death

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The Niger State government has launched an investigation into a suspected infectious disease following the death of a child and reports that other members of the same family have fallen ill.

The state Director of Public Health, Ibrahim Idris, disclosed this in a statement issued in Minna on Thursday by the Ministry of Information and Orientation.

Mr Idris said the Ministry of Health responded after a father shared videos on social media alleging that a strange illness had affected members of his household.

He said the swift response demonstrated the state’s commitment to protecting residents through prompt public health action.

He said the prompt intervention reflected the commitment of the Governor Umaru Bago-led administration to safeguarding the health and well-being of residents across the state through timely public health responses.

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According to him, every unexplained death deserves a thorough investigation, while every suspected outbreak must be treated with urgency to prevent possible transmission and protect public health.

The director said the affected children had been evacuated to a health facility for comprehensive medical evaluation and treatment as health authorities intensified efforts to determine the cause.

He said preliminary clinical findings suggested that the illness might not be a strange disease but one familiar to medical experts, with diphtheria among the conditions being considered.

“At this stage, no definitive conclusion can be made until laboratory investigations are completed,” he said.

“The samples collected will help determine the exact cause of the illness and guide the response.”

Mr Idris said public health officials had commenced contact tracing in the affected community and in the schools attended by the children to identify similar cases and contain any possible transmission.

He advised parents and caregivers to ensure their children completed all recommended routine immunisation schedules, noting that many life-threatening illnesses could be prevented through vaccination.

The director urged residents to seek prompt medical attention whenever unusual symptoms were observed, stressing that early detection and treatment remained critical to disease control efforts.

Also, Junaidu Inuwa, executive director of the Niger State Primary Health Care Development Agency (NSPHCDA), said preliminary findings showed the deceased child had received only partial immunisation.

He said some of the surviving children were either partially immunised or had not completed their vaccination schedules, exposing them to vaccine-preventable diseases and associated health complications.

ALSO READ: Niger Assembly has no website, limiting residents’ access to information

According to him, the development underscores the critical importance of routine immunisation in protecting children against vaccine-preventable diseases and reducing childhood mortality across communities.

Mr Inuwa said health officials also visited the isolation centre at the General Hospital, where affected family members had been placed on appropriate antibiotic treatment and were receiving care.

He said health authorities would continue to provide timely updates as investigations progressed and would intensify surveillance, contact tracing, and other interventions if the illness was confirmed to be infectious.

He reiterated that complete immunisation remained the safest and most effective protection against vaccine-preventable diseases and urged parents to utilise vaccination services available across the state. (NAN)


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FG launches $1.07 billion programmes to strengthen PHCs, education, governance

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The federal government has launched development programmes valued at more than $1.07 billion to strengthen primary healthcare, improve governance and education, and accelerate poverty reduction as part of its economic recovery agenda.

The programmes include the Human Capital Opportunities for Prosperity and Equity Governance (HOPE GOV) programme, backed by $500 million, and the Primary Healthcare Provision Strengthening Programme (HOPE PHC), financed with $570 million.

The government also launched the Nigeria Community Action for Resilience and Economic Stimulus Additional Financing (NG CARES AF), the broader HOPE programme comprising HOPE GOV, HOPE PHC and HOPE EDU, and the Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons and Host Communities (SOLID) programme.

Speaking at the launch in Abuja on Thursday, President Bola Tinubu said the initiatives were designed to ensure that the gains from the country’s economic reforms translate into improved living standards for Nigerians.

Mr Tinubu, represented by the Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Taiwo Oyedele, said the programmes form part of a coordinated strategy to strengthen human capital development, improve public service delivery and build resilience in communities across the country.

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He said the government had recorded improvements in key economic indicators, including GDP growth, foreign reserves and inflation.

He added that about 15 million vulnerable households had benefited from the expanded social transfer programme.

According to him, the HOPE GOV programme will improve governance by strengthening budget planning and supporting the recruitment of teachers and healthcare workers, particularly in underserved communities, while the HOPE PHC programme will improve service delivery at primary healthcare facilities through the Basic Health Care Provision Fund (BHCPF).

Health reforms

Also speaking, the Coordinating Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Muhammad Pate, said the programmes would support the implementation of the Nigeria Health Sector Renewal Investment Initiative (NHSRII), the government’s flagship reform agenda for the health sector.

Mr Pate said the initiative was anchored on four pillars: strengthening governance and accountability, improving equitable access to quality healthcare, developing the healthcare value chain, and enhancing health security and resilience.

Highlighting progress made under the reforms, he said the federal government had revitalised 3,026 primary healthcare centres nationwide and supplied maternal and newborn care equipment to 231 secondary hospitals.

He added that 43,417 women and newborns had been transported through rural emergency and maternal transport services, while 42,970 comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care services were provided between October 2024 and March 2026.

Mr Pate said the reforms had also led to increased use of healthcare services, with more women opting to deliver in health facilities.

“The reforms are increasing service utilisation, with more women choosing to give birth in health facilities, reflecting renewed confidence in the health system. They are increasing uptake of essential health services, with more families choosing modern family planning and more children receiving life-saving vaccines,” he said.

READ ALSO: In Adamawa, rural PHCs rely on volunteers due to staffing shortages

World Bank backs programme

The World Bank Country Director for Nigeria, Matthew Verghis, said the country’s efforts to expand access to quality healthcare had been strengthened through collaboration among the federal, state and local governments, development partners, civil society organisations and the private sector.

Mr Verghis said the HOPE PHC programme and the investments supporting it provide an opportunity for Nigeria to improve health outcomes, particularly for mothers, children and vulnerable populations, while strengthening accountability in the health sector.


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