Health
Health advocates seek reinstatement of suspended Lagos pregnancy guidelines
Health advocates have renewed calls on the Lagos State government to reinstate the suspended Guidelines on Safe Termination of Pregnancy for Legal Indications (STOP Guidelines), saying the policy could provide doctors with clearer clinical guidance and help reduce preventable maternal deaths.
The call was made by the Project Manager for Pamoja, Rumunse Obi, in an article titled “Dr Majek and the Ghost: Why Lagos Must Revisit the STOP Guidelines”, shared with PREMIUM TIMES on Tuesday.
The article accompanies Dr Majek and the Ghost, a narrative public health project exploring how stigma, misinformation and delays in accessing reproductive healthcare contribute to poor maternal health outcomes in Nigeria.
The project forms part of “ÀJOSE: The Stories That Bind Us”, an initiative that uses film and public dialogue to stimulate conversations around women’s reproductive health.
Earlier this year, the initiative brought together filmmakers, healthcare professionals, creatives and members of the public in Lagos to discuss how stigma, cultural silence and misinformation continue to shape women’s health outcomes.
Participants also previewed Dr Majek and the Ghost alongside other productions before engaging in discussions on maternal mortality, consent and ethical healthcare.
According to Ms Obi, the fictional story follows a physician confronted with deaths that could have been prevented if patients had received timely and lawful medical care.
Although fictional, she said the narrative reflects the experiences of many Nigerian women who continue to die from pregnancy-related complications despite the availability of lifesaving medical interventions.
Why the guidelines matter
Ms Obi said the STOP Guidelines, introduced by the Lagos State government in 2022, were developed to help healthcare providers interpret existing laws governing pregnancy termination in emergencies, particularly where continuing a pregnancy poses a risk to a woman’s life or health.
She explained that the guidelines were developed over several years with contributions from medical and legal experts to support doctors making time-sensitive decisions in high-risk obstetric cases without changing Nigeria’s abortion laws.
However, the Lagos State government suspended the guidelines in July 2022 shortly after their release following opposition from religious organisations and other groups, which argued that the policy could encourage abortion.
At the time, the government said the suspension would allow for broader stakeholder engagement and public sensitisation on the document’s objectives. Nearly four years later, the guidelines have yet to be reinstated.
Ms Obi argued that the controversy surrounding the policy stemmed largely from misconceptions about its purpose, while the clinical challenges it was designed to address remain unresolved.
Citing estimates from the World Health Organisation (WHO) and findings from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), she noted that Nigeria continues to bear one of the world’s highest maternal mortality burdens, with limited access to skilled birth attendants, emergency obstetric care and timely referrals contributing to preventable deaths.
Lagos’ maternal health efforts
Ms Obi’s call comes as the Lagos State government continues to implement measures to reduce maternal mortality.
In April 2025, the state partnered with the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) to launch the Maternal Initiative for Financing Access to Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric Care (CEmOC) to improve access to lifesaving obstetric services for women experiencing pregnancy-related emergencies.
At the launch, the Lagos State Commissioner for Health, Akin Abayomi, said the state still records about 400 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, describing the figure as unacceptable for a megacity.
Mr Abayomi said the government was expanding Mother and Child Centres, strengthening referral systems, integrating traditional birth attendants into the formal healthcare system through regulation and training, and expanding health insurance coverage to ensure women receive emergency care regardless of their ability to pay.
The Special Adviser to the Governor on Health, Kemi Ogunyemi, also stressed the need to eliminate delays in emergency obstetric care, saying saving the lives of mothers and babies should take precedence over concerns about payment.
Clearer guidance
Speaking with PREMIUM TIMES on Monday, Temitope Adekanye, a senior registrar in obstetrics and gynaecology at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, said that although he had not reviewed the suspended STOP Guidelines and could not comment on their specific provisions, Nigeria had long needed clearer clinical guidance on abortion within the existing legal framework.
Mr Adekanye described abortion as a sensitive issue because Nigerian law generally prohibits the procedure except where it is necessary to save a woman’s life, creating legal and clinical uncertainty for healthcare providers.
“We should have had a guideline on abortion a long time ago,” he said.
He noted that unsafe abortions continue to contribute to maternal deaths because many procedures are carried out by unqualified persons or in facilities that do not meet minimum medical standards.
The senior registrar, however, emphasised that unsafe abortion is only one of several factors driving maternal mortality in Nigeria.
According to him, postpartum haemorrhage remains the leading cause of maternal deaths, followed by hypertensive disorders such as pre-eclampsia, while sepsis, obstructed labour and unsafe abortion also account for a significant proportion of pregnancy-related deaths.
He attributed many maternal deaths to what health experts describe as the “three delays”—delays in deciding to seek medical care, delays in reaching a health facility and delays in receiving prompt treatment after arrival.
Poor road networks, shortages of skilled healthcare workers, weak referral systems and inadequate hospital capacity, he added, continue to worsen outcomes for pregnant women.
READ ALSO: Nigeria targets expanded MMS coverage for pregnant women
Call for reinstatement
Against this backdrop, Ms Obi argued that although haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders and sepsis remain the leading causes of maternal mortality, unsafe abortion also contributes significantly to pregnancy-related deaths, particularly in countries with restrictive legal environments.
She said uncertainty over the legal interpretation of emergency reproductive healthcare can delay treatment and increase the risk of preventable deaths.
“The suspension of the STOP Guidelines did not remove these clinical realities. It removed a structured framework intended to help clinicians navigate them safely within existing law,” he wrote.
Ms Obi noted that many countries with restrictive abortion laws rely on detailed clinical protocols to guide healthcare providers without changing the law.
She maintained that reinstating the STOP Guidelines would complement Lagos State’s investments in maternal healthcare by providing clinicians with greater clarity in managing complex pregnancy-related emergencies.
She added that restoring the guidelines would not amend Nigeria’s abortion laws but would improve how existing legal provisions are interpreted and applied in clinical practice.
Health
NNMDA says funding challenges, infrastructure gaps slowing herbal medicine research, integration into healthcare
The Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency (NNMDA) has identified inadequate funding, weak research infrastructure and equipment shortages as major obstacles to developing and integrating herbal medicine into Nigeria’s healthcare system.
The Director-General of the agency, Martins Emeje, disclosed this on Tuesday during a one-day working visit by the Minister of Innovation, Science and Technology, Kingsley Udeh, to the agency’s headquarters in Lagos.
Mr Emeje said the challenges have slowed efforts to validate traditional medicines scientifically and develop locally produced herbal products that can be safely incorporated into healthcare.
The NNMDA is Nigeria’s only trans-cultural medical research agency responsible for researching, developing and promoting natural medicines derived from the country’s biodiversity.
Funding and infrastructure challenges
According to Mr Emeje, the agency lacks adequate funding to acquire critical research equipment and expand its scientific infrastructure.
He also identified low public awareness of the agency’s activities, inadequate staffing and limited opportunities for capacity development as constraints affecting its operations.
The agency said it also needs to expand its research and development facilities, including experimental medicinal plant farms across the country’s six geopolitical zones, while strengthening pre-clinical and clinical studies needed to establish the safety and effectiveness of herbal medicines.
Mr Emeje further raised concerns over what he described as unclear guidelines for the clinical evaluation of herbal medicines and their integration into Nigeria’s healthcare system.
He added that traditional medicine knowledge continues to suffer from poor public perception despite Nigeria’s rich biodiversity and abundance of medicinal plants.
Call for clinical laboratory
The agency’s director-general said one of its most urgent needs is a clinical observation laboratory to support scientific evaluation of herbal medicines.
He also requested the construction of chalets to accommodate researchers who often work beyond normal office hours.
Responding, Mr Udeh acknowledged the agency’s request and said the ministry would explore alternative financing options instead of relying solely on government budget allocations.
“The clinical observatory lab, which has been one of the major needs of the agency that’s been brought to my attention, is something that even the DG has mentioned, and we are not talking about taking the responsibility to have it done by tomorrow,” Mr Udeh said.
“We are sitting down today to innovatively identify ways of accessing funds to have it done. It mustn’t be budgeted funds. From what we are doing here, stakeholders can support in doing it. Stakeholders from the private sector can support it. We can also access some grants and other funds that we can use to make this a reality.”
The minister added that some ‘stakeholders’ had already expressed willingness to support the agency’s work.
Nigeria-India collaboration
During the visit, India’s Consul in Lagos, Kannan Chockalingam, called for stronger collaboration between Nigeria and India in traditional medicine.
He said the partnership could focus on biodiversity conservation, quality assurance, scientific validation and innovation in herbal medicine.
According to him, innovation in traditional medicine involves applying modern scientific methods to validate and standardise existing indigenous knowledge, creating opportunities for research, product development and integration into national healthcare systems.
READ ALSO: Digital tools alone cannot fix Nigeria’s health system — Experts
Seven herbal products unveiled
The minister also unveiled seven locally developed herbal products designed for the management of conditions including cancer, hepatitis, peptic ulcers, high cholesterol, hypertension and male sexual health.
He commended Mr Emeje for his leadership and pledged to engage industry stakeholders to accelerate the commercialisation of the agency’s herbal products.
“We will engage industry leaders on how to get these products into the market,” Mr Udeh said.
The federal government has unveiled plans to build Nigeria’s digital health ecosystem on the principles of security, interoperability and data sovereignty, describing the move as critical to integrating artificial intelligence (AI), big data and other digital technologies into healthcare delivery.
The Coordinating Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Muhammad Pate, disclosed this on Tuesday at the Insights Learning Forum (ILF) 2026, eHealth Africa’s flagship digital health conference held in Abuja.
Mr Pate was represented by the pioneer National Coordinator of the National Health Technology and Data Analytics Office (NHTDAO), Obi Adigwe.
He stated that although digital health interventions are already being implemented across hospitals, laboratories and disease surveillance systems, Nigeria must ensure they are developed within a unified framework that guarantees the security of health information, enables systems to communicate seamlessly and protects the country’s data.
“Interventions are going on, but the key problem is that whatever is going on, three key principles must underpin engagement in the digital health space: security, interoperability and sovereignty,” he said.
He explained that these principles would guide the development of health information exchanges, disease registries, and targeted data centres, while shaping the implementation of digital health interventions across the country.
According to him, Nigeria’s digital transformation agenda comes at a time when AI, the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data are increasingly being deployed to improve diagnosis, treatment, disease surveillance and patient monitoring worldwide.
However, he stressed that technology alone would not strengthen health systems without the right governance structures.
Regulations, innovation
Mr Pate said Nigeria must develop operational frameworks, policies, and regulations to govern the deployment of digital health technologies and AI.
While noting that digital tools are helping improve access to specialist care, diagnosis and treatment across the world, he questioned whether sufficient regulatory frameworks currently exist to coordinate these interventions.
“Do we have existing frameworks, guidelines and regulations that tie all this together?” he asked.
Mr Pate also called for greater investment in innovation hubs across the country to support young innovators developing AI and machine learning solutions for healthcare.
He noted that many young Africans already possess innovative ideas but require an enabling environment to translate them into practical solutions.
He also stressed the need to strengthen the capacity of Nigeria’s health workforce, stating that doctors, nurses and other health professionals must acquire the skills needed to adopt and implement emerging technologies.
According to him, interoperability standards and data exchange protocols must also be prioritised to ensure health information systems communicate effectively across facilities and countries.
Nigeria’s role in Africa
Mr Pate said Nigeria is prepared to play a leading role in advancing digital health across the continent, just as it emerged as one of Africa’s leading financial technology hubs.
He recalled that although East Africa initially led Africa’s fintech revolution, deliberate collaboration between government and the private sector enabled Nigeria to produce several fintech unicorns.
“We accept your challenge,” he said, responding to calls for Nigeria to take a greater leadership role in digital health innovation across Africa.
He added that technology has become one of the world’s strongest drivers of economic growth, noting that technology companies consistently dominate global market valuations.
According to him, Africa must position itself to benefit from this shift by investing in digital innovation and building resilient health systems.
Continental collaboration
Mr Pate stressed that Nigeria’s digital health strategy is designed not only to address domestic challenges but also to strengthen regional cooperation across Africa.
“We do not design interventions only for Nigeria. We design interventions that solve problems in Nigeria but also bring us closer to our brothers in all the other African countries,” he said.
He noted that health emergencies, environmental challenges and population movements frequently extend beyond national borders, making continental collaboration essential.
Mr Pate said Nigeria is already working with international partners, including the United States Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, Sweden’s eHealth Agency, Switzerland and Kenya’s Health Information Exchange, to learn from countries that have successfully integrated fragmented digital health systems.
ALSO READ: Nigeria needs ₦500 billion to scale digital health infrastructure over five years — Official
He added that the government has also begun engaging institutions in Francophone and Lusophone African countries to promote interoperability and ensure that digital health systems can function across language and geographical boundaries.
According to him, strengthening continental integration remains central to Nigeria’s digital health vision.
Call to stakeholders
Mr Pate urged the private sector, academia, innovators, and development partners to support the country’s digital health agenda actively.
He challenged investors and entrepreneurs to identify the incentives and policy reforms needed to accelerate innovation, while encouraging researchers to continue generating evidence to guide digital health policies.
Mr Pate also called for greater investment in local data infrastructure, stating that data sovereignty would require Nigeria to strengthen domestic capacity rather than rely heavily on external systems.
Addressing citizens, he said digital transformation should ultimately deliver a seamless healthcare experience comparable to what many people already experience in banking, hospitality and other sectors.
He urged Africans to seize the opportunity presented by digital technologies to improve healthcare delivery across the continent.
“As Africans, are we actually ready?” he asked. “What do you want to see in healthcare as a citizen, as a patient, as an African?”
Mr Pate said achieving a secure, interoperable and inclusive digital health ecosystem would require collective action from governments, development partners, healthcare professionals, innovators and citizens, adding that no single institution can drive the transformation alone.
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