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The hacker who humiliated spyware makers and was never caught

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Over the last few decades, several mysterious hackers have captured the public’s imagination, but none quite like Phineas Fisher. A decade after their most famous hack, Phineas remains, by most accounts, the most prolific and public hacker never to have been caught. 

As part of our series on the biggest cybersecurity mysteries of all time,  we’re delving into the enigma of Phineas, the hacktivist who hacked controversial spyware makers FinFisher and Hacking Team. The latter, an Italian startup, was among the first to turn government spyware into a viable global business, paving the way for spyware makers such as the Israeli NSO Group. Phineas’ hack against Hacking Team eventually led to the startup’s demise years later.

Apart from Anonymous, an amorphous amalgam of hacktivists with a mixed track record of mostly stunt hacks designed to gather publicity rather than have real impact, Phineas is perhaps the most well-known hacktivist in history. Their story is made of impressive hacks and endless unanswered questions.  

Who is Phineas Fisher? 

Variously called an anarchist, a cybercriminal, a hacktivist, and a vigilante, the hacker has said they “use a lot of different names” for different hacking escapades. 

The hacks we know about were big enough to turn Phineas into a legend among hackers. “I would like to meet Phineas Fisher so that I could buy them a seven-course, three-Michelin-star dinner somewhere and listen to them explain how they turned Hacking Team inside out like a gym sock,” a well-known security researcher once wrote on Twitter. There’s even a song about them. 

Phineas first emerged in August 2014, when they announced they had hacked Gamma Group, the makers of the FinFisher spyware — which is where the nickname comes from. They publicized the hack via a Twitter account cheekily called @GammaGroupPR, leaking stolen data including mobile spyware, product manuals, and a price list. The damage was limited, and FinFisher carried on. Phineas published a post-mortem that doubled as a leftist manifesto, then vanished. 

A year later, they came back with a bang, hacking Hacking Team, another spyware maker. They took practically everything: more than 400 gigabytes including source code, tens of thousands of internal emails, confidential contracts, and customer lists. The leak allowed journalists to reveal scandals in Ecuador, Mexico, and Panama. Years later, Hacking Team’s CEO David Vincenzetti was forced to sell his company for one euro. For some former employees, Phineas’ hack was the beginning of the end. 

Phineas went on to hack the union of the Mossos d’Esquadra, which is the police force of Catalonia, publishing a post-mortem and a 39-minute tutorial video — consistent with their stated anti-police ideals. Their next victim was the ruling party of Turkey’s authoritarian president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, a hack motivated by solidarity with Rojava, a leftist autonomous region in northern and eastern Syria that Turkey was fighting against. 

Phineas’ last known victim was Cayman National Bank’s branch in the Isle of Man, a self-governing island between England and Ireland. The hack hinted at a different side of Phineas. “I look for illegal ways to make money in order to free my time so I can do something useful with it. Once I had that figured out, I started scaling it up and making more money than I need and giving the extra away,” Phineas said in an interview with activist Freddy Martinez. (Phineas donated at least $10,000 in Bitcoin to Rojava.) 

Phineas kept the hack — which happened in 2016 — quiet for three years later before announcing the “Hacktivist Bug Bounty Program,” an initiative to reward hacktivists who expose companies’ illegal and unethical activities. When Cayman National Bank confirmed the hack, it claimed it “was amongst a number of banks targeted.” Phineas confirmed they had been hacking several banks for years. 

That was their last public appearance. Their Twitter and Reddit accounts have long since been deleted, leaving no online trail. FinFisher never contacted law enforcement, according to a former company employee. The Italian authorities’ investigation into the Hacking Team hack ended without finding any evidence pointing to Phineas’ real identity. What I can say, from my own reporting, is that Phineas is alive and well — they have been in contact with me within the last couple of years. 

So who is Phineas Fisher? Taking their claims at face value, they’re a hacktivist with anarchist ideals, but also a cybercriminal. Could they instead be a fabricated persona controlled by a spy agency — Russia, say, which has a history of inventing hacktivists to muddy the waters after its own hacks? Phineas has denied being a Russian spy, and it’s unclear why Moscow would go after all of Phineas’ chosen targets. 

Their origins are equally murky. Phineas has name-dropped Spanish-speaking anarchists, wrote the Hacking Team post-mortem in Spanish, and followed numerous Latin American leftist accounts on Twitter. They told me their first language is neither English nor Spanish, though they have acknowledged living in a Spanish-speaking country. It’s all worth taking with a grain of salt. “Everything I say that contains clues about my identity is half trolling,” Phineas once told me. “I’m in the habit of saying misinformation.” 

It’s also possible that the Phineas persona was passed around between 2014 and 2019 and used by different individuals. But there is no evidence of that, and after 10 years of conversations, my gut says Phineas truly is the hacktivist they claim to be. 

A awe-inspiring hacktivist that hacked two controversial government spyware startups, and more, may be the most prolific hacker to have never gotten caught.
ASCII art from Phineas’ Hacking Team breach post-mortem. (Image: TechCrunch)Image Credits:TechCrunch /

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“I SAW CHAMPIONS IN MOROCCO, TONIGHT THE WORLD HAS SEEN THEM!” — SSA Adeboye Celebrates Flamingos’ Historic World Cup Victory

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There are victories that bring celebrations, and there are victories that change the story of a nation. For Nigeria’s Flamingos, Saturday night’s triumph over Japan in Morocco belongs firmly to the latter.

And for the Senior Special Assistant to the President on Grassroots Sports Development, Hon. Adeyinka Anthony Adeboye, who travelled to Morocco to support the girls, the historic achievement carries a particularly personal meaning.

The Presidential aide was full of emotion following Nigeria’s 2-1 victory over Japan in the final of the 2026 FIFA U-17 Women’s World Cup in Rabat, a result that crowned the Flamingos Africa’s first champions in the history of the competition.

But rather than dwell solely on the trophy, Adeboye reflected on a moment away from the cameras and the cheering crowds: his encounter with the players in their dressing room during the tournament.

“I remember looking at those girls in Morocco and seeing young Nigerians who were not afraid of anybody. I spoke to them as a father would speak to his daughters. I encouraged them, and I could feel how badly they wanted to make this country proud. Tonight, I am not just celebrating a trophy. I am celebrating those girls and the courage they carried onto that pitch.”

The Flamingos’ journey to the title was anything but straightforward.

Beaten by Poland in their opening match, Hakeem Busari’s side could easily have allowed disappointment to define their campaign. Instead, they turned adversity into motivation, recording six consecutive victories and defeating Japan in a final decided by goals from Awawu Bashiru and Oluebube Umejiaku.

For Adeboye, the manner of the triumph was just as significant as the result.

“What impresses me most is not that they won every match after losing to Poland. It is that they refused to allow one bad day to destroy their dream. That is a lesson many adults can learn from these children. They fell, they stood up, and they kept going until the world had no choice but to recognise them.”

The SSA reserved special praise for Busari, whose handling of the squad he described as an important example of what can happen when young athletes receive the right guidance.

He also celebrated captain Azeezat Oduntan and her teammates, insisting that every member of the squad, whether on the pitch or on the bench, had contributed to a victory that would be remembered for generations.

Adeboye thanked President Bola Ahmed Tinubu for his commitment to sports development and acknowledged the efforts of the National Sports Commission, led by Mallam Shehu Dikko and Hon. Bukola Olopade, as well as the Nigeria Football Federation.

However, the Presidential aide said the greatest tribute Nigeria could pay its new world champions would be to ensure that thousands of other talented children are given similar opportunities.

“The question we must ask ourselves now is simple: how many girls like these are still playing on rough fields in our villages, without boots, without coaches and without anybody to notice them? Imagine what Nigeria could achieve if we deliberately searched for those children and gave them the same chance.”

He said the Flamingos’ success had given added significance to the National Grassroots Sports Development Summit scheduled for November 18–19, 2026, at the Banquet Hall, State House, Presidential Villa, Abuja.

According to him, the summit must help move Nigerian sports away from depending on occasional discoveries towards a system in which talent identification and development become continuous processes.

“We cannot keep waiting for exceptional children to find their own way to the top. We must create the roads that will take them there. That is the responsibility before us, and these girls have reminded us why it matters.”

Then came a final message that captured the personal satisfaction of a man who had watched the young Nigerians pursue their dream on Moroccan soil.

“To my daughters, the Flamingos, I say thank you. Thank you for the joy you have brought to our country. Thank you for proving that a Nigerian girl can stand before the world and refuse to be intimidated. When I saw you in Morocco, I saw champions in the making. Tonight, the whole world has seen what I saw.”

For Adeboye, the trophy will eventually find its place in Nigerian football history.

What must not be allowed to fade, he believes, is the lesson behind it: somewhere in Nigeria, another generation of champions is waiting for its opportunity.

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COP31: What Nigeria, other African countries will push for at UN climate summit

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As world leaders prepare to convene in Antalya, Türkiye, for the 31st session of the Conference of the Parties (COP31) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the African Group of Negotiators (AGN) says it will push for increased climate finance, including an ambitious replenishment of the Green Climate Fund (GCF), among other priorities.

The group said securing adequate and predictable climate finance, particularly grant-based and concessional funding, would be central to Africa’s negotiating priorities at the conference.

This was disclosed by the AGN Chair, Nana Antwi-Boasiako, on the sidelines of the pre-COP31 meetings on Friday.

The AGN is a coalition of climate change negotiators representing all 54 African countries at the UNFCCC and other international environmental negotiations. Nigeria is a member of the group and will negotiate under its umbrella at COP31.

Nigeria’s delegation and technical support is expected to be led by the Nigeria Council on Climate Change Director General, Omotenioye Majekodunmi.

In a speech recorded and published on the AGN’s social media platforms ahead of the formal commencement of COP31, scheduled to hold from 9 to 20 November, Mr Antwi-Boasiako said African countries would seek stronger financial commitments to support the implementation of their climate targets and adaptation plans.

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According to him, the continent has made considerable progress in establishing the structures needed to implement the Paris Agreement, but inadequate financing remains a major obstacle.

He cited progress in developing Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), carbon market mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, National Adaptation Plans and the Enhanced Transparency Framework.

However, he said many developing countries were struggling to implement their climate commitments because of financial constraints.

“All these issues are structures that are going to support implementation. The key question now is: Where is the money? Where is the financial ambition to help us implement those commitments that we are making as developing countries?” the AGN chair said.

He noted that the group had submitted proposals for agenda items on tripling adaptation finance and replenishing the Green Climate Fund, describing both as critical to advancing climate action across African countries.

He explained that the proposed agenda item on adaptation finance was intended to provide an opportunity to clarify and establish operational arrangements for implementing the decision reached at COP30 in Belém, Brazil, to triple adaptation finance.

The group also wants COP31 to support an ambitious replenishment of the Green Climate Fund next year, describing the facility as particularly important for financing climate action in African countries.

COP31: From consensus to action

COP31 is expected to focus on translating climate commitments into concrete action, with an emphasis on implementation.

The summit will operate under an unusual shared leadership arrangement, with Türkiye hosting the conference while Australia leads the negotiations. Its overarching slogan, “Where Dialogue Becomes Global Action”, reflects the ambition to move beyond climate pledges towards practical implementation.

Beyond the proposed agenda items, the African negotiating bloc is seeking to defend the existing financial obligations of developed countries under the Paris Agreement.

Mr Antwi-Boasiako said Africa was not opposed to expanding the contributor base for climate finance but insisted that such an arrangement must not be used to weaken the obligations of developed countries.

Citing Article 9 of the Paris Agreement, he explained that Article 9.1 establishes the obligation of developed-country parties to provide financial resources to support developing countries, while Article 9.2 provides for contributions from other countries that are in a position to do so.

He argued that developed countries must demonstrate leadership by fulfilling their existing commitments before seeking additional contributions from other countries.

“You cannot abandon your obligations and use something that is not an obligation to replace your obligation,” he said.

The AGN chair disclosed that two policies had recently been adopted at a Green Climate Fund Board meeting ahead of the fund’s next replenishment. One concerns grant-based contributions, while the other addresses the expansion of the contributor base.

The group hopes the replenishment process will demonstrate leadership from developed countries before other countries are encouraged to contribute.

He also identified disagreements between developed and developing countries over climate finance as a major political divide in the negotiations.

While developing countries are demanding credible, predictable and scaled-up grant-based financing, developed countries have cited geopolitical tensions and domestic economic difficulties as constraints on their ability to increase financial contributions.

Mr Antwi-Boasiako, however, questioned the justification for these funding constraints, arguing that developed countries had demonstrated their ability to mobilise substantial resources when other priorities, including energy security, were at stake.

Africa seeks equitable energy transition

The African Group is also seeking progress on the Just Transition Mechanism, insisting that its implementation must reflect the continent’s development realities.

Mr Antwi-Boasiako said the mechanism should go beyond an energy-focused approach to address workers’ welfare, natural resource management, energy poverty and the broader economic implications of the transition.

He warned against an approach that could leave African economies worse off by forcing them to abandon resources they still need for development.

“For the African continent, we think that the transition away from fossil fuels must happen in a more equitable manner. We have a continent that has other challenges. And so we cannot allow our natural resources to be stranded when we need those resources to develop,” he said.

He acknowledged that discussions on the transition away from fossil fuels were continuing but noted that there was no formal negotiated agenda item specifically addressing the issue.

Rather, the discussions were being pursued through a roadmap developed by the COP Presidency outside the formal negotiation process.

The AGN’s position, however, is that countries with higher emissions and greater levels of pollution should lead the transition before other countries follow.

Mr Antwi-Boasiako stressed that the process must be designed to prevent economic hardship in developing countries.

“It is not just energy transition, but transitioning where we are able to make sure that our economies don’t suffer within the transition,” he said.

Climate and trade, other priorities

The African negotiating bloc is also seeking discussions on climate and trade, particularly the implications of unilateral trade measures that could undermine the progress of developing countries.

Mr Antwi-Boasiako said the group was working to secure the adoption of its proposed agenda item to create room for negotiations on the relationship between climate policies and international trade.

He also expressed concern about initiatives introduced under the COP Presidency’s action agenda without adequate consultation with parties.

While the AGN does not oppose initiatives led by the presidency, he said such programmes should not be introduced into formal negotiation texts without proper consultation and party-driven processes.

The group also wants to strengthen the participation of young Africans in climate negotiations through capacity-building programmes that would prepare a new generation of negotiators.

READ ALSO: CBD COP17: Why African countries struggle to mobilise biodiversity funding – AfDB official

COP31 as foundation for COP32

The AGN described COP31 as an important opportunity to strengthen Africa’s negotiating position ahead of COP32, which will be hosted by Ethiopia next year.

Mr Antwi-Boasiako said the group had commenced pre-sessional coordination meetings in Antalya on 1 November, followed by engagements with national focal points and other African delegates.

The group is also engaging other negotiating blocs within the Group of 77 and China to secure broader support for its proposed agenda items ahead of the formal adoption of the COP31 agenda, scheduled for 9 November.

He said Africa’s negotiating strength depended not only on internal coordination but also on building consensus with other developing countries.

The AGN chair cited the continent’s contributions to the establishment of the Green Climate Fund, the Loss and Damage Fund, and the inclusion of adaptation provisions in the Paris Agreement as examples of the group’s influence in international climate negotiations.

The group also called on civil society organisations and the media to help amplify Africa’s priorities throughout the conference.

Mr Antwi-Boasiako said the outcome of COP31 should provide a strong foundation for the continent as it prepares to host the next climate conference.


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