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How Digital Reforms Are Reshaping Nigeria’s Paramilitary Recruitment

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How digital reforms are reshaping Nigeria’s paramilitary recruitment

By Kelechi Ogunleye, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

The integration of technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) into recruitment exercises is redefining how public institutions engage prospective employees in Nigeria.

For decades, recruitment into Nigeria’s paramilitary agencies was characterised by cumbersome procedures, long-distance travel and overcrowded examination centres.

In some cases, allegations of irregularities further undermined public confidence in the process.

Consequently, many job seekers endured significant hardship in their pursuit of employment opportunities.

One of the most tragic reminders of the challenges associated with conventional recruitment exercises occurred in March 2014 during the Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS) recruitment exercise.

The exercise attracted hundreds of thousands of applicants across centres nationwide for fewer than 5,000 vacancies.

The overwhelming turnout led to stampedes and chaos at several centres, resulting in the deaths of at least 20 applicants and injuries to many others.

The incident sparked nationwide outrage and renewed calls for safer, more transparent and technology-driven recruitment systems capable of reducing the risks associated with mass physical gatherings.

Against this backdrop, many Nigerians have continued to advocate recruitment processes that are efficient, accessible, data-driven and transparent.

Prior to recent reforms, applicants often faced several challenges, including delays in receiving examination invitations, uncertainty about examination schedules and the financial burden of travelling long distances to designated Computer-Based Test (CBT) centres.

In many cases, candidates were required to travel to states far from their places of residence to participate in recruitment examinations.

As a result, some were involved in road accidents, others arrived late because of poor road conditions, while many missed the examinations altogether due to transportation and accommodation costs.

It is against this background that stakeholders have welcomed recent efforts by the Minister of Interior, Dr Olubunmi Tunji-Ojo, to modernise the recruitment process for the nation’s paramilitary agencies.

The minister, who also serves as Chairman of the Civil Defence, Correctional, Fire and Immigration Services Board (CDCFIB), introduced a fully digital application and examination process for the 2025 paramilitary recruitment exercise.

CDCFIB is responsible for recruitment, promotion, personnel welfare and discipline in the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC), the Federal Fire Service (FFS), the Nigerian Correctional Service (NCoS) and the Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS).

Unlike conventional CBT examinations that require candidates to appear physically at designated centres and use pre-arranged computer facilities under the supervision of invigilators, the new system enabled applicants to complete their examinations remotely.

The board, through candidates’ examination slips, announced that the recruitment examination would be monitored through live video surveillance and AI-assisted proctoring.

“Any suspicious movement, communication, or attempt to access other materials may result in instant disqualification,” the board stated.

The initiative marked a major departure from traditional CBT examinations, as candidates were monitored remotely through their device cameras and microphones while taking the examinations from the comfort of their homes or other approved locations.

Observers say the adoption of technology has given many applicants renewed confidence in the integrity of the recruitment process.

Similarly, the Secretary to the Board, retired Maj.-Gen. Abdulmalik Jibril, assured Nigerians of transparency and fairness throughout the exercise.

According to him, no fewer than 30,000 successful candidates will eventually be recruited into the various paramilitary agencies.

While addressing journalists, Jibril reiterated the board’s commitment to ensuring that only qualified candidates are recruited.

He also stressed the need to build an effective and ethical workforce capable of improving service delivery across the agencies under the board’s supervision.

Before the commencement of the exercise, Jibril had announced that the online recruitment process would begin on July 2, 2025.

However, the exercise was subsequently postponed to July 14 before eventually commencing on July 21, 2025.

In response to concerns raised by applicants over the postponement, the board later extended the application deadline from Aug. 4 to Aug. 11, 2025.

According to Jibril, the extension was intended to provide additional opportunities for interested applicants seeking enlistment into any of the paramilitary services.

The extension appeared to yield results.

On the final day of the application process, CDCFIB disclosed through its recruitment portal that a total of 1.91 million Nigerians applied for various positions across the paramilitary agencies.

Statistics released by the board showed that Kogi recorded the highest number of applicants with 116,243, followed by Kaduna with 114,599 and Benue with 110,644.

Other states with high application numbers included Kano (89,421), Niger (79,567), Kwara (78,467), Katsina (76,917), Nasarawa (76,677), Adamawa (68,381), Oyo (67,255) and Plateau (63,450).

Others were Osun (62,399), Borno (56,955), Ondo (53,963), Akwa Ibom (52,531), Bauchi (52,159) and Imo (48,301).

At the conclusion of the CBT examination, CDCFIB disclosed that 58.5 per cent of applicants successfully completed the examination, while 22.6 per cent had incomplete applications.

The board further revealed that no fewer than 360,923 applicants were disqualified, while 432,935 failed to complete their CBT examinations.

A gender breakdown showed that male applicants dominated the exercise, accounting for 737,270 completed applications compared to 323,052 completed applications by female candidates.

State-by-state data also indicated that Kogi recorded 75,494 successful CBT applicants, followed by Oyo with 69,071, Nasarawa with 69,041, Jigawa with 54,414, Yobe with 52,487 and Ogun with 50,940.

Nonetheless, in spite of the innovations introduced into the recruitment process, some shortlisted candidates expressed frustration over technical difficulties encountered during the online examinations.

Several applicants who took to X, formerly Twitter, complained of portal access issues, automatic logouts and blank examination screens.

One of the applicants, Eze Francis (@official_dubem2), wrote, “#CDCFIBRecruitment2025: I had a glitch on the exam today. Case of empty space with just me looking at myself on the camera, no questions.

“I tried to refresh and it says exam already completed. It pained me a lot because I’ve been preparing for this exam”.

Similarly, Peter (@firstrealpeter) posted, “#CDCFIBRecruitment2025 #cdcfib @CDCFIBNG please, I logged in 30 mins to exam as instructed and I’m here on blank page. Help o”.

Another applicant, Henry King, appealed for intervention.

“@BTOofficial @CDCFIBNG #CDCFIBRecruitment2025 @nigimmigration @NigeriaGov @officialABAT: Come to our assistance sir. This is injustice to us that were unable to write the examination. We deserve free and fair CBT examination,” he wrote.

However, beyond the examination stage, several applicants who participated in the medical screening exercise commended the organisation and professionalism displayed by officials.

An applicant to the Federal Fire Service, Ms Esther Kayode, who applied for the position of Assistant Superintendent of Fire II, expressed satisfaction with the process.

She said the screening involved assessments of physical appearance, checks for tattoos and body marks, previous surgeries, including Caesarean Section (CS), blood pressure measurements and other physical evaluations.

She, however, clarified that no blood samples were taken during the exercise.

Another applicant, Mr Ibrahim Salim, described the screening process as successful and well organised.

According to him, officials were welcoming and the arrangements at the centre contributed significantly to the smooth conduct of the exercise.

Likewise, Ms Josephine Owoicho said her experience exceeded expectations.

“At first, I was tensed, I won’t lie, but everything went smoothly,” she said.

An NSCDC applicant screened at an NIS facility, Mr David Okafor, also praised the professionalism of officials.

According to him, applicants were treated with respect and dignity in a conducive environment.

The growing adoption of technology in examinations is not unique to recruitment exercises.

When the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) introduced CBT for tertiary institution admissions in 2015, the then Registrar and Chief Executive Officer of the board, Prof. Dibu Ojerinde, described it as a major step forward.

According to Ojerinde, the introduction of CBT contributed significantly to reducing examination malpractice.

“This system was thought out as the only way for now that can address the challenges of examination malpractice, such as impersonation and other ills associated with public examinations,” he said.

He also argued that the innovation would encourage digital literacy among Nigerians.

“Most candidates at the end of the examination confessed that CBT is the best mode as it further enhances candidates’ performance and makes them more serious and focused during the conduct of examinations, as they all know that it is no longer business as usual,” Ojerinde added.

On the other hand, the Nigeria Union of Teachers (NUT) maintains that technology alone cannot eliminate examination malpractice.

NUT National President, Audu Amba, argued that the nation’s education system places excessive emphasis on certification rather than intellectual development.

“We have placed more emphasis on certification; what is your grade? What are your scores? Not minding the intellectual intelligence of that student.

“The students will go out of their ways to make sure that they get the marks that will give them the certificate,” he said.

Amba also stressed the need to address the digital literacy gap before fully embracing such technologies.

“We are talking about CBT exams. Where is the light, manpower and network? You see, we have a long way to go,” he said.

Meanwhile, efforts to strengthen the credibility of online examinations continue.

In that regard, the Computer-Based Test Centres Proprietors Association of Nigeria recently convened stakeholders to discuss examination integrity and strategies for curbing malpractice.

The association’s President, Austin Ohaekelem, said the initiative was aimed at promoting a culture of academic integrity through anti-examination malpractice campaigns.

Taken together, the growing adoption of CBT and AI-assisted proctoring in recruitment, promotion examinations, interviews and educational assessments suggests that technology has become an integral part of modern governance and public administration.

For many observers, the CDCFIB recruitment exercise demonstrates how technology can expand access, reduce costs and minimise many of the risks associated with traditional recruitment systems.

More importantly, it reflects lessons learned from past experiences, including the 2014 immigration recruitment tragedy, which highlighted the dangers of overcrowded physical recruitment exercises.

As Nigeria advances its digital transformation agenda, the adoption of transparent, technology-driven and AI-supported recruitment systems is expected to strengthen efficiency, accountability and public confidence in the recruitment process.

While challenges such as connectivity, digital literacy and infrastructure gaps remain, many stakeholders believe the future of recruitment lies in innovative systems that promote accessibility, fairness and equal opportunity for all applicants. (NANFeatures)

Edited by Tosin Kolade

***If used, please credit the writer and the News Agency of Nigeria.

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Two Survive, Two Fall: Rangers, El-Kanemi Keep Nigeria Alive as Rivers United, Shooting Stars Crash Out of CAF Competitions

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Nigeria recorded mixed fortunes in CAF inter-club competitions at the weekend as Rangers International and El-Kanemi Warriors advanced to the next round, while Rivers United and Shooting Stars saw their continental campaigns come to an end.

Rangers produced the most dramatic qualification of the Nigerian contingent, overcoming Benin Republic champions AS Sobemap 5-4 on penalties in Lomé after another 1-1 draw left their CAF Champions League preliminary-round tie locked at 2-2 on aggregate.

The Flying Antelopes had been held to a 1-1 draw in the opening leg in Abeokuta and travelled to Lomé knowing there was little margin for error.

Rangers again took the lead in the return encounter, but Sobemap responded in the second half to restore parity and eventually force the contest into a penalty shootout.

The Nigerian champions initially missed their first kick in the shootout but recovered impressively, converting their next five attempts while Sobemap failed with two of theirs as Rangers prevailed 5-4.

The reward for Rangers is a significantly tougher assignment against Algerian champions MC Alger in the second and final preliminary round of the Champions League.

MC Alger booked their place after eliminating Niger’s ASN Nigelec 5-0 on aggregate, setting up a major test for Rangers in their battle to reach the lucrative group stage.

While Rangers survived a nerve-shredding shootout, El-Kanemi Warriors progressed in contrasting circumstances despite suffering defeat in their second leg.

The Maiduguri side lost 1-0 away to UDIB of Guinea-Bissau but their commanding 3-0 advantage from the first leg proved sufficient to send them through 3-1 on aggregate.

El-Kanemi had put themselves firmly in control of the tie in Nigeria, with Nnamdi Mejuobi scoring twice and Dayo Wahab adding another in their emphatic first-leg victory.

UDIB managed to reduce the deficit in the return fixture but could not overturn the damage, allowing El-Kanemi to continue their CAF Confederation Cup journey.

The story was considerably different for Shooting Stars.

The Ibadan club travelled to Tunisia carrying a 1-0 advantage over CS Sfaxien after Lucky Emmanuel’s first-half goal had secured victory in the opening leg in Abeokuta.

However, the advantage disappeared in Tunisia as Sfaxien struck twice without reply to record a 2-0 victory and advance 2-1 on aggregate.

The result brought a painful end to Shooting Stars’ first continental campaign in 27 years, despite entering the decisive second leg with qualification firmly in their hands.

Rivers United also suffered heartbreak in the CAF Champions League.

The Port Harcourt side had secured an encouraging 1-1 draw against San Pedro in Côte d’Ivoire in the opening leg, placing themselves in a promising position ahead of the return fixture in Nigeria.

But San Pedro stunned their hosts by racing into a two-goal advantage.

Rivers United responded with a determined fightback, scoring twice to rescue a 2-2 draw, but their recovery ultimately proved insufficient as the Ivorian side secured passage to the next round.

The weekend therefore leaves Nigeria with two clubs still standing on the continent.

Rangers will continue their pursuit of a place in the CAF Champions League group stage, while El-Kanemi remain alive in the Confederation Cup.

For Rivers United and Shooting Stars, attention will now return to domestic competition following disappointing early exits.

For Rangers and El-Kanemi, however, the continental journey continues — although considerably greater challenges lie ahead.

Nigeria entered the weekend with four clubs fighting to keep their African ambitions alive.

By the end of it, the number had been cut in half: Rangers survived a penalty-shootout thriller, El-Kanemi protected their first-leg advantage, while Rivers United and Shooting Stars were left counting the cost of painful eliminations.

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Insight Partners’ Deven Parekh on why the firm is diversifying while everyone else bets the farm on OpenAI and Anthropic

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Deven Parekh has co-run the heavyweight investment firm Insight Partners for 26 years. Unlike many VCs who are loud on X and seem to live on podcasts, Parekh and Insight Partners tend to lay low.

In this sit-down with TechCrunch at its StrictlyVC event on Thursday night in New York, Parekh was refreshingly candid about some of the firm’s wins (it has led and co-led numerous rounds in Databricks, for example, and owns stakes in OpenAI and Anthropic); the deals it hasn’t won, including buzzy AI legal-tech company Legora; conflicts of interest in venture investing; and why Insight has stuck to a diversified strategy even as VCs have piled into the frontier AI labs.

This interview has been edited for length and clarity.

There’s a researcher who’s become the big story of the week — do you think that concerns about AI risk amount to hysteria, or do you have real concerns?

Sure, there’s a risk some non-state actor gets access to an open-source model and creates a biological weapon. But there’s an even higher probability we get a massive decrease in the time it takes to develop new drugs and cure diseases. I’ll take that bet.

I’m on the board of NYU Langone — what AI is already doing with patient data is amazing. We can look at 50 million patient records and tell someone walking in for something unrelated that they have a 25% chance of a heart attack. Net-net, I think this is highly positive.

There are risks, sure, just like there are risks with next-generation drone warfare. Every generation has new risks, and somehow, over time, the world still raises living standards. We’re going to need AI to scale healthcare — the population is aging and there aren’t enough medical professionals to go around.

Insight has $90 billion in assets under management but seems comparatively quiet compared to firms of similar size. Is that purposeful?

Every venture capitalist thinks they’re an expert on everything now — epidemiology during COVID, geopolitics during the Iran war. I’m not sure we’re all experts on everything. Our attitude has been: Let the portfolio do the talking. We’re investing in founders and companies. We have to communicate enough that people know who we are, but our performance should speak for itself — and that’s driven by the portfolio, not by us being loud.

You do early-stage, growth, buyouts, and presumably secondaries. What’s the split?

It’s temporal, not fixed — we invest globally, so there’s no set geographic or strategy allocation. Look at our last seven funds and you’d see different percentages of early-stage, growth, and buyout in each. Buyouts aren’t great right now — rates are high, debt markets aren’t receptive to software, exit multiples have come down. We haven’t done a major buyout since 2024.

On the venture side, valuations are rising at a pace we saw before, in 2021 — and that didn’t end well. Normally, a follow-on round means more data, so you pay a higher price for lower risk. Right now, rounds move so fast there’s almost no incremental data, so you’re paying more without reducing risk. The logical response is to go earlier. With a scale fund, you can make smaller bets — write a $20–25 million check instead of $500 million — and double down on the winners. That’s where our returns have disproportionately come from. With Wiz, we wrote a Series A and kept writing checks, so our gain was much larger than if we’d stopped at the first check. And if Wiz hadn’t worked out, it would have barely dented a fund our size.

As a global investor, what percentage of your deals are regional versus concentrated somewhere like the Bay Area?

Talent has gone flat globally. We competed for Legora — my partner Jeff Horing flew to [Stockholm] to pitch the company, because that’s where the founder was. We lost that one to General Catalyst.

That said, AI infrastructure talent is genuinely concentrated in San Francisco — my 23-year-old son, also a VC, is moving there because he says you can’t invest in AI without being there. But talent density varies by vertical: Ramp is financial services, and that talent is concentrated in New York. So vertical AI investing can be more geographically diverse than pure AI infrastructure.

Why did you lose Legora to General Catalyst?

I don’t know the specific reason, but I think they sold their value proposition better than we sold ours that time. There are plenty of examples where it went the other way. It’s a big world; we don’t need to win every deal.

You’re invested in rival companies — OpenAI and Anthropic. That was once taboo in VC. Did that cause any anguish inside the firm? Did you worry about what founders would take away from this?

The internal debate was more about whether we should have gotten into earlier rounds. It’s very stage-dependent. Khosla did OpenAI’s Series A, and there’s no way they could have then invested in Anthropic, and if we’d done Anthropic’s Series A, we likely couldn’t have done OpenAI either. Once you’re at a later stage, off the board, not driving governance, you’re just buying a great stock.

We saw OpenAI as the dominant consumer play and Anthropic as having a clear enterprise strategy; that’s shifting in real time. As these companies needed to raise $30–$100 billion, they stopped being able to dictate exclusivity. That said, at the Series A/B stage, we do have information-sharing restrictions and we don’t invest in directly competing companies, though some founders are sensitive even to 2% revenue overlap.

Are you getting more aggressive on physical AI?

Physical intelligence companies are still largely science projects. It’s not that they won’t become real businesses, but you’re making a bet on when robotics adoption happens, layered on top of a bet on whether it happens at all. We’re watching, but we’re not there yet. My son thinks it’s the hottest space around and that I’m crazy to ignore it, which is exactly what I’d expect from a 23-year-old.

OpenAI and Anthropic raised roughly half of all VC dollars in the first half of this year. Do you think LPs worry about concentration risk?

We’re not overly concentrated, so it’s not an issue for us. But I’m an LP in other funds, and I know two funds right now — raising their entire fund in a month — whose pitch is literally “35–40% of this fund is going into one of those two companies.” I’m not saying OpenAI and Anthropic won’t do well. But this business has always rewarded diversification over a long horizon. We’re on fund 13, so we have to think in terms of ten funds, not one.

In this particular moment, if 25% of our fund were in Anthropic, our returns would look better. But data over time doesn’t support excessive concentration, and most LPs don’t want that exposure either — though firms like Founders Fund and Thrive have done very well running concentrated strategies. There are always going to be exceptions who execute that well.

Secondaries are attractive right now, given how much capital was raised in 2021–2023. How are you thinking about these?

The bigger issue is a lot of funds raised a lot of money and haven’t returned any of it to LPs. Many first- and second-time funds won’t raise a next fund because they didn’t prioritize liquidity. I tell fund managers I advise: if Anthropic’s going to triple from here, fine — take your basis out anyway. LPs want to know you can turn positions into cash; that’s the job.

We were guilty of this early on, too. As one of the biggest LPs in most of our own funds, we’d think, “Why sell if it could double again?” But LPs don’t get paid that way. Over the last two years we’ve returned more than $20 billion to LPs through strategic sales and IPOs, with a few billion more coming. DPI matters, even on fund 13. Secondaries are really a liquidity mechanism, often for early venture investors more than employees. Nobody complains about a 10x that stays a 10x, but if it drops to 5x, people ask why you didn’t sell.

VC Elad Gill has argued there’s a narrow window — maybe 6 to 12 months — where a company’s valuation will never be higher, and founders should sell into it. Do you have that conversation with your founders?

We’re always having that conversation, though founders listen to me about as much as my kids do. It’s case by case, but when a founder gets an offer at a frothy valuation, I ask them what happens when the market corrects, because it will, even if I can’t tell you when. If I could time it, I’d be on an island managing my portfolio, not talking to you. You don’t have to sell everything; de-risk 10 or 20%.

Right now valuations are rising so fast people assume the trend continues, but you can’t compound $40 billion at 50% every two months for two years without becoming the world economy. That math doesn’t work.

Anthropic will likely file to go public soon, with OpenAI presumably behind it. What does that IPO mean for the industry?

Anthropic is already larger than Salesforce and it’s four years old — the fact that they can go public doesn’t necessarily mean much for everyone else. You’ll have three companies — SpaceX, Anthropic, OpenAI — going public within six to eight months, each north of a trillion dollars in market cap, and the market absorbed SpaceX just fine. The real question is when the next tier of companies goes public, and what bar that sets. If you’re a public-market investor watching something go from zero to $65 billion in four years, “double, double, triple, triple” no longer looks that exciting by comparison. But that 10x growth rate can’t continue forever. Eventually even these companies become normal-growth companies, and you need public markets for that. I think we’ll see more of these IPOs over the next 18 months.

With so much capital locked up, will all this LP money finally flowing back sustain the frenzy?

We all do this in our personal lives — stay out of an expensive market until we can’t stand it anymore, and pile in right when we should be pulling back. LPs do the same thing at a macro level; everyone wanted in before 2021, pulled back after, and now the same LPs are piling back in. That boom-bust cycle is hard to avoid. Venture-growth funds of $6 to $10 billion used to be rare; now they’re common.

How long do you give a company with a bad cap structure before deciding whether to double down or walk away?

It varies enormously. Wonderful [an enterprise AI agent platform] was created less than two years ago; we did two rounds and it’s now at a $5 billion valuation — a very fast double-down. On the other hand, some 2021 investments went nowhere for three or four years before finding product-market fit. That’s part of why we do portfolio reviews — we recently went through 300 portfolio companies over three days, checking not just on the big positions but looking for the ones showing an inflection point worth doubling down on, buying secondary in, or in some cases pulling back from.

Our best example is Armis, a security company. We lost the initial deal to Sequoia, but my partner kept the relationship alive with a $5 million check out of an $11 billion fund. Eighteen months later, we bought out the entire cap table, including Sequoia, for a nine-figure check, and sold it to ServiceNow this year for $7 billion. Sometimes you make money with small checks, sometimes with big ones. The goal is finding the best founders in the best markets.

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