The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has reported two new suspected cases of Ebola disease in Nigeria’s North-east region.

The agency disclosed this in an update posted on its official X account on Saturday, noting that both individuals had been isolated while contact identification and listing were ongoing.

“Laboratory testing is being conducted,” the NCDC said, adding that being classified as suspected cases does not mean the individuals have Ebola, as confirmation depends on laboratory results.

The agency urged Nigerians to maintain good hand hygiene, practise enhanced sanitation and follow guidance from public health authorities.

The development comes 11 days after Nigeria confirmed its first case of Ebola disease caused by the Bundibugyo virus.

The NCDC is yet to provide specific details on the states where the suspected cases were identified. In its post on X, the agency said, “Further updates will be provided as verified information becomes available.”

The NCDC Director-General Jide Idris in a post on Linkedin said contact tracing is also taking into account recent movements within the country to ensure all contacts are identified and monitored.

“We urge the public to avoid speculation or the spread of unverified information. Instead, we encourage everyone to reinforce basic but critical hygiene practices: frequent handwashing, use of alcohol-based sanitisers, and seeking immediate care at designated facilities if unusual symptoms arise,” Mr Idris noted.

Nigeria, regional outbreak

Nigeria is one of five countries that have detected Bundibugyo virus disease during the current outbreak, which began in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in May.

The outbreak has remained concentrated in the DRC but has spread beyond the country.

Nigeria’s first confirmed case of Ebola in 2026 was a woman who travelled from Uganda to Abuja and tested positive on 20 October. She was subsequently medically evacuated to Switzerland for continued treatment.

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The Coordinating Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Muhammad Pate, had earlier said genomic analysis showed that the virus detected in the Nigerian patient was closely related to the strain identified in Kenya’s first imported case.

As of 28 October, WHO reported 10,274 confirmed cases and 4,992 confirmed deaths in the DRC. The agency also recorded nine confirmed cases and two deaths in Kenya, one confirmed case in Nigeria, 20 confirmed cases and two deaths in Uganda, and one imported case in France.

Overall, WHO reported 10,305 confirmed cases and 4,996 confirmed deaths across the affected countries.

Nigeria has seen advances in medical research, technology, and healthcare innovation, yet many communities still struggle to access essential health services.

From infectious disease outbreaks and maternal deaths to inadequate financing and shortages of health workers, the country’s healthcare challenges extend beyond the availability of new technologies.

These challenges dominated discussions at the 2026 Future of Health Conference, organised by Nigeria Health Watch, where experts examined how promising innovations could be translated into practical improvements in healthcare delivery.

The 11th edition of the annual conference brought together policymakers, researchers, health professionals, innovators, development partners and private-sector representatives to discuss ways to strengthen Nigeria’s health system.

The discussions focused on moving beyond pilot projects and isolated successes to interventions that can reach more people, improve health outcomes and remain effective over time.

Across presentations, panel discussions and partner sessions, five key lessons emerged.

1. Innovation must deliver measurable results

One of the conference’s central messages was that developing a new technology or healthcare intervention does not automatically translate into better health outcomes.

Experts emphasised that an innovation’s success should be measured by its ability to solve real problems, improve access to care, and produce lasting results.

This means looking beyond introducing new technologies to whether they are affordable, accessible and sustainable.

For example, a medical device may improve diagnosis in a health facility. Still, its impact will remain limited if no trained workers can operate it or systems ensure patients receive appropriate treatment.

The discussions also highlighted the importance of addressing financing, infrastructure and workforce challenges that often prevent promising innovations from reaching communities.

The lesson was that innovation should be judged not only by what has been developed, but by the difference it makes in people’s lives.

2. Reliable data can change health decisions

Another major lesson was the importance of accurate data in understanding health challenges, measuring progress and guiding government decisions.

A presentation on Nigeria’s HIV response illustrated how inaccurate estimates can affect the interpretation of health programme performance.

According to the presentation, a national survey revised the estimated number of people living with HIV in Nigeria from 3.2 million to 1.8 million.

The revision substantially changed the reported treatment coverage figure, demonstrating how improved data can alter assessments of progress without an equivalent immediate increase in the number of people receiving treatment.

The example showed why reliable population estimates are important when evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions.

Research on malaria drug resistance provided another illustration.

Researchers are using molecular analysis of malaria parasites to identify patterns of drug resistance across different locations, generating evidence that could help inform treatment policies and public health responses.

However, experts stressed that collecting data and conducting research were not enough.

The findings must also be communicated clearly to policymakers and incorporated into health programmes to influence decisions and improve outcomes.

3. Communities must be involved in health solutions

Discussions on Lassa fever research highlighted the importance of involving communities in disease surveillance, research and healthcare delivery.

Researchers involved in the ENABLE study explained how community engagement helped identify infections that might otherwise have gone undetected.

In some cases, symptoms such as tiredness were not initially considered serious enough to raise concerns about possible infection.

The experience demonstrated how working closely with communities can improve understanding of diseases and help researchers identify cases that may be missed through routine surveillance.

The research also examined how Lassa fever affects different population groups, including children, and the need to better understand the long-term health effects survivors experience.

Beyond infectious diseases, the discussions showed that community participation can help health workers identify barriers to care, understand local concerns and develop more appropriate interventions.

The broader lesson was that communities should not simply receive healthcare interventions. They should also help shape how those interventions are designed and delivered.

4. Primary healthcare requires trained workers, not just equipment

Maternal healthcare discussions drew attention to the challenges pregnant women face in accessing essential services, particularly in underserved communities.

A presentation on a Project HOPE-supported initiative in Bwari Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory described efforts to improve maternal healthcare across 10 primary healthcare facilities.

The initiative combines health worker training, point-of-care testing equipment and ultrasound services to strengthen antenatal care.

Under the arrangement, five facilities serve as hubs equipped with point-of-care ultrasound machines, while the remaining facilities refer pregnant women to the hubs when scans are needed.

The intervention aims to improve access to ultrasound examinations during pregnancy and support the early identification of complications requiring further medical attention.

However, the presentation also highlighted that providing equipment is only one part of improving healthcare.

Health workers need appropriate training, mentorship, and ongoing supervision to use diagnostic tools effectively and interpret findings.

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Facilities also need functional referral systems to ensure that patients requiring additional care can access it.

The lesson was that strengthening primary healthcare requires coordinated investment in equipment, skilled personnel and service delivery systems.

Without these supporting structures, even useful technologies may fail to deliver their intended benefits.

5. Epidemic preparedness must begin before an outbreak

The final major lesson centred on preparing for disease outbreaks before they occur.

Experts highlighted the importance of sustained investment in vaccine research, diagnostic tools, manufacturing capacity and partnerships among governments, researchers and the private sector.

Discussions on the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations’ (CEPI) 100 Days Mission illustrated the importance of early preparation.

The initiative aims to develop safe and effective vaccines against a new pandemic threat within 100 days of identifying the threat, with a focus on achieving initial authorisation and readiness for manufacturing at scale.

The target does not mean that entire populations would be vaccinated within 100 days.

Rather, it requires scientific research, vaccine platforms, regulatory processes and manufacturing arrangements to be sufficiently developed before a new outbreak emerges.

Experts also identified sustained financing as a major challenge, particularly because the benefits of preparedness are often less visible when there is no active public health emergency.

The discussions emphasised the need for long-term partnerships among governments, philanthropic organisations, researchers and industry to support equitable access to vaccines and other essential health technologies.

The lesson was that effective outbreak response depends largely on the investments, systems and partnerships established before a public health emergency begins.