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45% of dementia cases could be prevented

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The World Health Organisation (WHO) has said up to 45 per cent of dementia cases could be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors, as it unveiled updated global guidelines to help countries reduce the growing burden of the condition.

The UN health agency released the updated recommendations on Wednesday, saying the guidance provides countries with evidence-based measures to prevent or delay cognitive decline and dementia across the life course.

According to the WHO, more than 57 million people worldwide are living with dementia, while nearly 10 million new cases are diagnosed each year. Alzheimer’s disease remains the most common form of dementia, accounting for an estimated 60 to 70 per cent of all cases.

Although there is no cure for dementia, the organisation said a significant proportion of cases are linked to risk factors that can be modified. These include tobacco use, harmful alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, air pollution, social isolation and non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol.

Speaking on the updated guidelines, the WHO Director-General, Tedros Ghebreyesus, said advances in research had improved understanding of the factors driving dementia risk, enabling countries to take practical steps to protect brain health.

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“We know more today than ever before about what drives dementia risk, and these guidelines translate that knowledge into action,” he said.

Mr Ghebreyesus added that countries now have clear, evidence-based recommendations that they can implement immediately to protect people’s cognitive health.

Updated recommendations

WHO said the revised guidelines reflect significant scientific advances since it first issued recommendations on dementia risk reduction in 2019.

According to the organisation, the updated guidance brings together evidence-based recommendations on reducing unhealthy behaviours, managing medical conditions and limiting exposure to environmental factors associated with cognitive decline.

It is recommended that adults with normal cognitive function or mild cognitive impairment engage in cognitive training, cognitive stimulation and regular social activities to help lower their risk of dementia.

The agency also advised increasing physical activity, quitting tobacco use, reducing alcohol consumption and adopting a healthy diet.

The updated guidance also includes reducing exposure to air pollution as a recommended strategy for lowering dementia risk.

WHO further said managing cardiometabolic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol could help reduce the risk of dementia. Hearing aids may also be offered as part of risk reduction strategies.

READ ALSO: WHO, UNICEF warn funding gap could reverse immunisation gains in poorer countries

However, it advised against using vitamin B and E supplements, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and multivitamins or mineral supplements to prevent dementia in people without diagnosed deficiencies, citing insufficient evidence that the products provide benefits that outweigh potential harms.

WHO said the new guidelines incorporate the latest evidence and innovations in dementia prevention and present an opportunity for countries to strengthen the integration of non-communicable disease, mental health and brain health services.

Economic burden

WHO described dementia as a condition caused by diseases affecting the brain, leading to a gradual decline in memory, thinking and the ability to carry out everyday activities.

Beyond its health impact, the organisation said dementia affects people’s independence, dignity and safety while placing substantial emotional, physical and financial burdens on families and caregivers.

It estimated that dementia costs the global economy about $1.3 trillion annually, with around half of the amount attributed to unpaid care provided by family members and friends.

According to the WHO, understanding dementia risk factors and taking preventive action can improve health outcomes and quality of life, enabling more people to live longer, healthier and more independent lives.


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Health

Oluwo of Iwo bans Hennessy, other alcoholic drinks from palace

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The Oluwo of Iwo, Abdulrasheed Akanbi, has banned Hennessy and other alcoholic drinks from his palace, saying they pose health risks and should not be offered to him or other elders.

The traditional ruler announced the decision in a video shared on his Facebook page on Tuesday.

Mr Akanbi warned that anyone who brings alcoholic drinks to the palace intends to “eliminate the king.”

Health concerns

Mr Akanbi said the gin, schnapps and imported spirits often reserved for elders are harmful to health and should no longer be brought to his palace.

“The so-called alcohol usually presented or reserved for the elders is detrimental to their health – it leads to death,” he said.

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“Anyone who brings hot drinks to the king’s palace wants to eliminate the king. Gin, schnapps reserved for the elderly should not be brought to my palace because what they call alcohol for the elderly is made by the Western people to kill and destroy internal organs. It will render the kidneys useless.”

The traditional ruler said he recently learnt that some visitors had brought Hennessy to the palace.

“I heard you brought Hennessy; don’t bring it here o; you want to kill me. Anyone who brings Hennessy or other dangerous alcoholic drinks has the intention to kill me. So, I should drink an entire bottle; what will I use to pray?” he asked.

He argued that alcohol was not part of Yoruba ancestral practice.

Health experts have long warned about the dangers of excessive alcohol consumption, including liver disease and kidney damage.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) states that “no level of alcohol consumption is completely safe for health”

Criticism of traditional practices

Mr Akanbi also condemned what has become a cultural practice where masquerades wield canes and beat people on the road.

He described it as violence. “Are Yoruba cows? How can I be a king and people are being macheted in the streets? Are we butchers?”

He noted that adherents of traditional religion should eliminate the violent practices if they want wider acceptance.

He also criticised the restriction of movement during the Oro festival, describing it as unconstitutional and questioning why women should be prevented from moving freely during some traditional festivals.

“We restrict people’s movement; even the president cannot do that. It is unconstitutional. It is illegal,” he said.

He also queried why women should be restricted from walking during certain traditional festivals.

Since ascending the throne in 2016, the Oluwo of Iwo has frequently spoken against some traditional and cultural practices in Yorubaland.

He has also been involved in several ‘fights’ with religious and traditional leaders. He was suspended by the Osun State Council of Traditional Rulers for allegedly behaving improperly to some fellow traditional rulers.

Mr Akanbi, in his reaction, said the suspension is “a mere audio pronouncement.


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Health

Two deaths recorded as US battles Cyclosporiasis outbreak

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Two people have died in the United States after contracting Cyclosporiasis, marking the first known deaths linked to the country’s largest recorded outbreak of the disease.

Cyclosporiasis is an infection of the intestine caused by a parasite that thrives in human waste.

The deaths were recorded in Michigan, the state hardest hit by the outbreak.

Reuters reported on Monday that the state health authorities said both patients had serious underlying medical conditions that may have been worsened by the infection and the severe dehydration associated with the illness.

The US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said it had confirmed 6,707 laboratory cases nationwide as of 28 July, alongside more than 11,500 suspected cases awaiting laboratory confirmation.

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Michigan, the hardest-hit, has recorded 11,234 cases as of Monday, including 193 hospitalisations.

About Cyclosporiasis

Cyclosporiasis is an intestinal infection caused by the microscopic parasite known as Cyclospora cayetanensis.

According to the CDC, people become infected after eating food or drinking water contaminated with human faeces containing the parasite.

Although the disease is not usually life-threatening, it can cause severe illness in some people.

Symptoms include watery diarrhoea, nausea, stomach cramps, loss of appetite, fatigue, and dehydration.

The CDC notes that some infected people may not develop symptoms, while untreated infections can last for weeks or even months, with symptoms disappearing and returning over time.

Outbreak investigation

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has linked part of the outbreak to iceberg lettuce supplied by Taylor Farms’ operations in central Mexico and served at Taco Bell restaurants.

The affected lettuce has since been recalled.

However, investigators believe the contaminated lettuce does not explain all reported infections and are examining whether other food sources may also be responsible.

Epidemiologists suspect that more than one outbreak may be occurring simultaneously.

READ ALSO: Mendicants, Social Parasites, and Our Rights As Human Beings, By Ifeanyi Uddin

Public health experts told Reuters that recent staffing and funding cuts across US health agencies may have slowed efforts to investigate and contain the outbreak.

Paul Bollyky, an infectious disease expert at Stanford Medicine, was quoted to have said that “Cyclospora is harder to track than many foodborne pathogens because, unlike bacteria, it cannot be grown ⁠in the lab or easily genome-mapped to trace an outbreak.”

Mr Bollyky warned that reduced staffing in public health departments could make outbreaks more difficult to investigate and control.

He said the scale of the outbreak raises broader questions about the safety of the US food supply.

“Anytime you have over 10,000 people infected with a foodborne pathogen, you do have to wonder whether this is a canary in the coal mine.”


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