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Ebola: NCDC warns healthcare workers of ‘high’ importation risk despite no confirmed case

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The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has warned healthcare workers nationwide to heighten surveillance and preparedness for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), citing a “high” risk of importation into Nigeria due to ongoing outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Uganda.

The agency, however, said Nigeria has not recorded any confirmed Ebola case linked to the current regional outbreak as of 28 May.

In a public health advisory issued on Thursday, the NCDC said the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) declaration of the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), rising infections in neighbouring African countries, and increased cross-border movement have raised concerns about Nigeria’s vulnerability.

The advisory highlights concerns over delayed detection, healthcare-associated transmission, and the vulnerability of frontline health workers if the virus enters Nigeria.

“This assessment estimated the risk of Ebola importation into Nigeria as high due to the ongoing transmission in the DRC and Uganda, international travel and population movement, uncertainty regarding the full magnitude of the outbreak, and the potential for delayed recognition because symptoms may overlap with endemic diseases such as malaria and Lassa fever,” the agency stated.

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It said high-risk states, border communities, major transport hubs and points of entry had already been identified through its national risk assessment.

Existing outbreak response systems

The NCDC said Nigeria still retains important outbreak response structures developed after previous viral haemorrhagic fever outbreaks, including the 2014 Ebola outbreak, which was successfully contained in Lagos.

According to the agency, the country currently maintains laboratory capability, trained rapid response teams, Emergency Operations Centres (EOCs), established Viral Haemorrhagic Fever preparedness systems, and prior outbreak response experience.

However, it admitted that existing systems require constant review and strengthening.

It also warned healthcare workers that Ebola patients or suspected cases could present at health facilities anywhere in Nigeria.

“The key operational question is therefore how healthcare workers should recognise, respond to, and safely manage such situations,” it said.

The agency stressed that healthcare workers remain one of the most vulnerable groups during Ebola outbreaks because of direct exposure during patient care.

Symptoms

The agency warned that Ebola symptoms may initially resemble several common illnesses frequently seen in Nigerian hospitals, increasing the risk of delayed recognition.

It listed malaria, typhoid fever, Lassa fever, gastroenteritis, COVID-19, influenza, sepsis and other severe bacterial infections among illnesses with symptoms similar to Ebola.

According to the advisory, Ebola has an incubation period of two to 21 days.

Early symptoms may include fever, weakness, headache, muscle pain, sore throat, vomiting and diarrhoea. While severe illness may involve unexplained bleeding, organ dysfunction, confusion, shock and collapse

Patients with non-specific febrile illness could initially appear similar to people suffering from more common diseases, “potentially delaying recognition and increasing exposure risk within healthcare settings.”

No approved vaccine

The current outbreak involves the Bundibugyo strain of the Ebola virus, which differs from the Zaire strain responsible for the 2014 West African epidemic.

The Bundibugyo virus is a Risk Group 4 pathogen and one of the less common Ebola virus strains.

“Unlike the Zaire strain, there are currently no approved vaccines or specific antiviral therapies for Bundibugyo virus disease,” the agency said.

The absence of approved vaccines or targeted therapies could complicate response efforts if infections are detected in Nigeria.

Ebola not airborne

The agency clarified that Ebola is not considered an airborne disease under normal circumstances.

Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected blood, body fluids, secretions, organs, contaminated materials, or infected animals.

The advisory listed vomit, diarrhoea, urine, saliva, sweat, breast milk and semen among infectious body fluids capable of transmitting the virus.

The agency warned that transmission risk is highest when infected patients become symptomatic and actively produce infectious body fluids.

It added that healthcare-associated transmission remained a major concern during Ebola outbreaks, citing reports by the WHO of infections and deaths among healthcare workers linked to gaps in infection prevention and control measures.

READ ALSO: FG releases names of 21 states, FCT at high risk of Ebola infection – FULL LIST

Hospital surveillance

The NCDC directed healthcare facilities to strengthen triage systems for early identification and isolation of suspected cases.

It urged workers to maintain “a high index of suspicion,” especially among persons with recent travel history to affected countries or epidemiological links to confirmed or suspected cases.

It also asked them to carefully assess patients’ travel history, exposure history, contact with sick persons, and attendance at burial or funeral activities where relevant.

It advised hospitals to minimise unnecessary exposure while ensuring safe clinical care.

It also asked the healthcare workers to strictly implement infection prevention and control measures at all times, including hand hygiene before and after patient contact, appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and safe injection practices.

Others are environmental cleaning and disinfection, safe waste segregation and disposal and safe handling of laboratory specimens.

It further asked to avoid direct contact with blood or body fluids without PPE, prevent needle-stick injuries, follow safe burial guidance, and ensure proper decontamination of equipment and surfaces.

In addition, the health workers are instructed to promptly report occupational exposure incidents and participate in refresher infection prevention and preparedness training programmes.


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Seven organisations pledge $65m to reduce maternal, newborn deaths in Nigeria

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Seven private sector and philanthropic organisations have proposed commitments worth more than $65 million to strengthen maternal and newborn healthcare services in Nigeria.

The commitments, announced on Wednesday during the 2026 Joint Annual Review of the health sector in Abuja, are expected to support interventions in 172 local government areas (LGAs) identified as having a high burden of maternal deaths.

According to a statement issued following the event, the organisations submitted letters of intent under the Maternal and Neonatal Mortality Reduction Innovation Initiative (MAMII) Private Sector Compact, a government-led framework designed to coordinate investments and technical support for maternal and newborn healthcare.

The seven organisations are DP World, Bayer, UNICEF, dsm-firmenich, Nestlé Nutrition Institute, Roche and Ferring Pharmaceuticals.

The proposed contributions include financial resources, medical products, technical expertise, supply chain support and other services intended to address gaps in maternal and newborn healthcare delivery.

Nigeria’s maternal mortality burden

The announcement comes as Nigeria continues to record high numbers of preventable maternal and newborn deaths.

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According to estimates contained in the statement, approximately 40,000 women and 300,000 newborns die annually in Nigeria, representing more than 100 maternal deaths and 800 newborn deaths every day.

These estimates highlight persistent challenges in access to skilled birth attendants, emergency obstetric services, essential medicines and timely referrals, particularly in underserved communities.

MAMII, launched in November 2024, prioritises 172 LGAs across 33 states, which account for more than half of Nigeria’s maternal deaths, according to the programme’s targeting analysis.

The initiative focuses on improving emergency obstetric and newborn care, strengthening referral systems, providing emergency transport and increasing access to essential medical supplies and trained health workers.

Speaking at the event, Coordinating Minister of Health and Social Welfare Muhammad Pate said reducing preventable maternal and newborn deaths remained a national priority.

“Through the Nigeria Health Sector Renewal Investment Initiative and our Sector-Wide Approach, we are bringing federal and state governments, the private sector and development partners together around a common national plan, with particular attention to the 172 local government areas where the burden of maternal mortality is greatest,” Mr Pate said.

He described the commitments as an important step towards improving healthcare delivery and an important expression of confidence in Nigeria’s reform agenda.

“Our responsibility is to ensure that every commitment is aligned with national priorities, every investment is accounted for, and every intervention contributes to measurable improvements in the lives of Nigerian women and children,” he said.

Partners pledge technical support

The Nigeria Country Director of the Gates Foundation, Uche Amaonwu, said the partnership would help coordinate resources and expertise towards reducing preventable deaths.

Mr Amaonwu said the burden of maternal mortality continues to affect too many Nigerian families.

“The MAMII compact brings focus to this challenge, coordinating public, private and philanthropic efforts to reduce preventable maternal and newborn deaths,” he said.

He said the foundation was working with partners, including MSD for Mothers, MTN Group Foundation and the World Economic Forum’s Global Alliance for Women’s Health, to strengthen maternal and newborn healthcare.

Similarly, MTN Foundation Executive Director Odunayo Sanya said the organisation would support the initiative through connectivity, artificial intelligence and digital solutions.

“MTN believes technology has its greatest value when it removes real barriers to essential services,” she said.

Ms Sanya said the partnership would help provide women, frontline health workers and healthcare facilities with information and digital tools to improve maternal health outcomes.

The Head of the Centre for Health and Healthcare at the World Economic Forum, Shyam Bishen, said private sector participation could contribute more than financial support.

Mr Bishen said businesses could provide products, technology, supply chains and expertise needed to improve healthcare delivery, particularly in underserved communities.

The Executive Director of Social Impact and Sustainability at MSD for Mothers, Jacquelyn Caglia, said the organisation would invest in the Training for Emergency Action, Management and Workflows in Midwifery, Obstetrics and Neonatal Care (TEAM OB/NEO).

The programme is designed to equip health workers with the skills needed to manage life-threatening complications during pregnancy, childbirth and newborn care, including severe bleeding, infections and breathing difficulties in babies.

Ms Caglia said the company had spent 15 years supporting efforts to reduce maternal deaths, including in Nigeria, through its MSD for Mothers initiative.

“By investing in TEAM OB/NEO as part of the MAMII Compact, we reaffirm our commitment to Nigeria and to collaborating with other private sector partners to pool resources, expertise and innovation aligned to the national effort to expand access to quality maternity care services for women across Nigeria,” she said.

READ ALSO: Maternal case fatality rate drops by 60% in supported health facilities FG

Platform to track investments

The government also unveiled a digital platform designed to coordinate and monitor contributions under the MAMII Private Sector Compact.

The platform, developed through the SWAp Coordination Office, is expected to show the geographical distribution of interventions, partner contributions and outstanding healthcare gaps across participating states and LGAs.

It is also intended to help prevent the concentration of donor-funded projects in some locations while other communities remain underserved.

However, the platform is still at the prototype stage, with its operational and reporting arrangements yet to be finalised.

The MAMII National Lead at the SWAp Coordination Office, Dayo Adeyanju, said the platform would support better coordination and investment decisions.

“It shows clearly where the gaps are and which delivery partners are supporting which LGAs,” Mr Adeyanju said.

He added that the platform would help prevent the duplication of interventions and improve resource allocation, with information expected to support partner decisions from December 2026.

The government said the next phase of the Compact would involve agreeing on implementation milestones, deploying resources to priority areas and monitoring progress against maternal and newborn health outcomes.


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FG grants drug manufacturers N24bn tax waivers to boost local production

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The Nigerian government said it has granted N24 billion in tax waivers to pharmaceutical manufacturers between 2025 and 2026 as part of efforts to increase local production of medicines and reduce dependence on imported healthcare products.

The Coordinating Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Muhammad Pate, disclosed this on Tuesday at the 2026 Nigeria Health Sector Joint Annual Review (JAR) in Abuja.

Mr Pate said the incentives were introduced under the presidential executive order signed in 2024 to support domestic manufacturing of medicines, medical equipment and other essential healthcare products.

He also disclosed that the government had secured 12 technology-transfer agreements and was pursuing prospective investments exceeding $5 billion in the healthcare manufacturing sector.

According to him, the government is working to ensure that the proposed investments translate into operational businesses capable of producing affordable healthcare products and creating employment opportunities.

“The Executive Order signed by Mr President in 2024 has supported N24 billion in tax waivers for pharmaceutical manufacturers in 2025–2026,” he said.

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“We have 12 technology-transfer agreements and a prospective investment pipeline exceeding $5 billion.”

Mr Pate said the government’s priority was to translate the prospective investments into actual manufacturing activities.

“Our task is to help those prospective investments become operating businesses that supply safe, effective and affordable products and create opportunities for Nigerians,” he said.

Expansion of local manufacturing

Mr Pate said 10 factories or manufacturing lines had been commissioned under the government’s healthcare industrialisation programme, including six in 2026.

He explained that the facilities cover the production of pharmaceuticals, rapid diagnostic tests, long-lasting insecticidal nets and medical oxygen.

The minister acknowledged the contribution of the Presidential Initiative for Unlocking the Healthcare Value Chain (PVAC), coordinated by Abdu Mukhtar, to the government’s efforts to expand domestic manufacturing.

Also speaking at the review, the Minister of State for Health and Social Welfare, Iziaq Salako, reported an increase in local pharmaceutical production.

Mr Salako said locally manufactured medicines accounted for 50 per cent of Nigeria’s pharmaceutical market in 2026, compared with 30 per cent in 2023.

He said figures from the Pharmaceutical Group of the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria and the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) also showed an approximately 10 per cent increase in the number of active local pharmaceutical companies.

He said the improvements reflected ongoing efforts to strengthen domestic manufacturing and reduce Nigeria’s dependence on imported healthcare products.

Meanwhile, Mr Pate said NAFDAC was strengthening regulatory measures against falsified medicines to support the development of the pharmaceutical industry.

He also disclosed that the government was working to operationalise Medipool, a group purchasing organisation designed to consolidate demand for medicines and other healthcare commodities.

According to him, the initiative would help organise government procurement while allowing other supply channels to continue operating.

The arrangement is intended to create more predictable demand for healthcare products and support local manufacturers.

Background

Nigeria has been working to expand domestic pharmaceutical manufacturing amid concerns about dependence on imported medicines and disruptions to international supply chains.

In July 2024, President Bola Tinubu signed an executive order introducing fiscal incentives to encourage local production of medicines and other healthcare products.

The order provided relief from tariffs, excise duties and Value Added Tax (VAT) on specified pharmaceutical machinery, equipment and raw materials used in manufacturing.

In May 2025, PREMIUM TIMES reported that the presidency had identified the executive order as one of the government’s major health sector reforms aimed at attracting investment and reducing the cost of pharmaceutical products.

The government said the incentives were designed to make local manufacturers more competitive and encourage increased production of essential healthcare products.

In September 2026, PREMIUM TIMES also reported that the federal government was targeting at least 70 per cent local production of essential healthcare products by 2030.

Speaking at the 8th Nigeria Pharma Manufacturers Expo in Lagos, Mr Salako said the government was using financing and tax incentives to strengthen domestic manufacturing.

He disclosed that 87 local manufacturers were benefiting from the presidential executive order granting zero tariffs on pharmaceutical machinery, active pharmaceutical ingredients and other production materials.

Mr Salako also said PVAC had secured about $2 billion in financing commitments at single-digit interest rates, with approximately 50 Nigerian healthcare companies in advanced discussions for funding.

He explained that increasing local production would help strengthen medicine security and reduce the country’s vulnerability to disruptions in international supply chains.

Sustaining local production

Despite the reported progress, Nigeria’s ambition to expand local pharmaceutical manufacturing will depend on sustained investment, access to financing and the ability of manufacturers to produce medicines that meet required quality standards.

READ ALSO: Nigeria targets 90% functional health centres, 40% health insurance coverage by 2031

At the September 2026 pharmaceutical manufacturers’ expo, Mr Salako emphasised the importance of expanding production beyond finished medicines to include active pharmaceutical ingredients, vaccines, diagnostics and other essential health commodities.

He also identified research, innovation, regulatory cooperation and access to regional markets as important areas for developing the industry.

The 2026 Joint Annual Review, held under the theme “Make the Data Count”, brings together federal and state government officials, development partners and other stakeholders to assess progress under the Nigeria Health Sector Renewal Investment Initiative.

The initiative is being implemented through the Sector-Wide Approach, which seeks to improve coordination, financing and accountability in healthcare delivery.


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